Many people in ancient civilizations were hunting and gathering. Hunting and gathering was when people would hunt for food (animals or plants). People would follow where ever their food went. They were always moving farther away to try to survive. Always on the move, building shelters everywhere the went. Diamond observed how they would hunt to find food. Gathering was usually done by women and was another way of hunting. Sago trees were something the women would gather. They would eat the bark of the tree and the berries. Sago trees took a lot of labor and work to produce and wouldn't last long, so they couldn't store it for later. And they didn't have the proteins that they needed.
Then the ice age years came. The ice age killed many trees, plants, and animals. The people in civilization had nothing to eat. So one day, someone said that there had to be another way to hunt food, like to grow/plant it. They could not only bring food back harvested, but they could bring it back as seeds. People started planting foods like wheat, barley, and grains. Grains were not available to New Guinea, unlike the Middle East. These food had lots of protein and could be stored for a long time, unlike sago. But their must have been a place where people could store these foods, where it could be protected by animals. Ian K. studies the Middle East stone age years, and discovered a village in the Middle East from 11.5 thousand years ago called Draa'. They were large holes of stone in the ground called granaries.
Villages were a huge impact on people's life styles. People from ancient civilizations were finally living and working together in villages instead of moving around all the time to hunt or follow their food. Being together in villages, helped them discovered new technology and tools. Farmers were planting wheat and barley, instead of taking days to produce sago. Farmers used a domestication process for planting, planting domesticated plants. These farmers changed the nature around them.
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